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Background of the Meiji Restoration

Peace be upon you, and Allah mercy and blessings. History buffs, observers of history and students studying history, may you always be healthy and happy.

In this video, the admin discusses the theme: Background ofthe Meiji Restoration, this theme is discussed so that we know why Japan developed into a modern country, was once a military superpower in East Asia, and now an economic superpower. Hopefully this video with the title Background of the Meiji Restoration is easy to understand and broadens our knowledge of world history.

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In feudal era Japan, the highest government was held by the Shogun, while the emperor was positioned as a god who lived in the palace. Each province was led by a Daimyo who had its own samurai army. The Daimyo were led by a Shogun (Prime Minister of the military, commander-in-chief of the military). The Shogun was appointed by the Emperor.

The reign of the Shogunan was initiated. Sakanoue no Tamuramaro was the first Sei-i Taishōgun for his services in conquering the Emishi tribe. Continued Minamoto Yoritomo was appointed Sei-i Taishōgun on August 21, 1192. The military government that Yoritomo established in Kamakura was known as the Kamakura Shogunate. Continued by the Muromachi family until 1573.

The Tokugawa Shogun family is the strongest leader among the Daimyo. He presided over the government on behalf of the Emperor. The strongest daimyo in 1663 were the Tokugawa family.

On March 24, 1603. The strongest daimyo was Ieyasu Tokugawa. As the strongest Daimyo he was appointed as Seii Taishogun, the highest leader of government throughout Japan.

The Tokugawa Shogunate holds a political isolation or closure (Japan) from the outside world. The politics of isolation is based on the fear of being colonized by foreign nations under the guise of trade, like other nations.

The Tokugawa Shogunate's rule ran from 1186 to 1867. It took a very long time and was the cause of many other Daimyo - daimyo being jealous.

Trade expansion of traders from Portugal, Holland, England, France and America could not be stopped. They came and became a threat to the political isolation of the Tokugawa Shogunate

In 1846, Commodore Perry came and asked that the port in Japan be opened to foreigners, but was refused, in 1853 Commodore Perry came with 7 warships, when his wish was refused, various foreign cannons destroyed many Japanese ports and the Shogun's samurai army could not resist .

The Tokugawa Shogunate, which was pressed at home and from abroad, signed the Shimoda treaty on March 30, 1854, which opened the port of Shimoda, Hokodate in Japan to foreign traders. Meanwhile, Tenno Komei (Emperor) refused to sign the Shimoda treaty.

Widespread anti-Shogun attitudes

The expansion of the Pro Tenno (Emperor) movement sponsored by the Daimyo Satsuma, Chosu, Hizen and Tosa families.

The minds of the Japanese people are open to the progress of western nations and try to study them.

The entry of foreign traders was accompanied by the entry of missionaries and zending and spreading Christian teachings to Japanese society which meant challenging Japanese culture that deified the Emperor (Tenno).

Toyotomi Hideyoshi expelled the missionaries, suspecting them of being Portuguese spies. Tokugawa Ieasyu also massacred missionaries because they were thought to have brought European power to Japan

The defeat and coercion imposed by the western nations and the spread of Christianity made hatred towards foreigners spread to feudal Japanese society.

An attitude of antipathy also emerged from the Daimyo - daimyo who were jealous of the Tokugawa Shogunate.From the Treaty of Shimoda, 1854 to 1867, political relations between the Shogun and Tenno deteriorated. The Pro Tenno political movement expanded, the position of Shogun Tokugawa Yoshinobu was pressed.

The Shimoda agreement was considered by Daimyo Satsuma and Chosu as a weakness of the Tokugawa government, Tenno who rejected the Shimoda agreement was considered a strong leader. Because of that Daimyo Satsuma and Chosu killed foreigners in the port of Shimonoseki, Japan. However, the combined American, British and French navies destroyed Japanese ports

Keluarga Satsuma dan Keluarga Chosu mendukung Tenno memegang pemerintahan Jepang, bukan keluarga Shogun Tokugawa yang menyerah pada bangsa asing. Dukungan politik ini kemudian diikuti oleh Daimyo-Daimyo lain,

Britain and France saw the split of the Japanese people and they made a scenario of civil war to make it easier for them to enter and colonize Japan. British France wanted to wage a civil war between the forces that supported the Shogun and the forces that supported Tenno. England will help Tenno, France will help Shogun Yoshinobu Tokugawa.

Shogun Yoshinobu refused to go to war with the Emperor (Tenno), Tennopun declared that there would be no civil war in Japan.

November 19, 1867, Shogun Yoshinobu handed over power to the Emperor (Tenno).

Since December 14, 1867, Tenno Mutsuhita has carried out the Meiji Restoration program. The contents of which are Formation of Parliament, All positions are open to all, Old-fashioned customs are abolished, All Japanese must unite, Japanese citizens must obtain science and technology, Shinto is the official state religion, the National Hinomaru flag and the Kimigayo national anthem.

The Meiji Restoration in 1868 was Tenno's way of transforming Japan in the political, economic and social fields. Emperor Meiji modernized and westernized.

"If we take the initiative, we can dominate, otherwise we will be dominated", daimyō Shimazu Nariakira. "Eastern Ethics, Western Science."

Western theory and practice, but still emphasizes the traditional values of samurai loyalty and social harmony.

Japanese modernization measures

• Open to foreign science and technology

• Modernization of government administration

• Removing conservative customs

• Pementukan various councils in various regions

• Military modernization included buying warships from Britain

• Conscription laws

• Compulsory education for children aged 6 - 13 years

• Formation of the Cabinet

• Formation of Parliament

• strategic industrial development, transportation and communication.

In 1900 Japan has become a modern country, equivalent to Britain, France and the United States.

In 1905, Japan proved itself to be a powerful modern country by defeating the Russian army in Manchuria and destroying the Russian navy in the east sea of Japan. In fact, Russia is a country in the European continent.

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References

https://www.aimizumizu.com/2012/03/modernisasi-jepang.html

https://www.kompas.id/baca/opini/2020/01/31/modernisasi-sukses-di-jepang-tapi-gagal-di-mesir-1/

https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restorasi_Meiji

https://serendipinityofnightlocked.wordpress.com/2015/09/27/konstitusi-meiji-awal-modernisasi-jepang-dan-kemuncul-filosofi-tenno-haika-banzai-dan-fukaku-kyohei/